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How to Measure Your Type Coverage

Type coverage check for PHP with PHPStan.

Event Sourcing in Laravel

Granular interfaces

After refactoring to a granular interface, our system became more flexible and composable. Small interfaces communicate intent more clearly, making it easier to understand the flow of a system.

Serverless Laravel applications with AWS Lambda and PlanetScale

The Tighten Test: 12 Steps to a Better Team

Working in a good team turn your life entirely different. Tighten published this post with their heavily opinionated, based on their shared values, and sourced from their experience as web and app developers who regularly work with a variety of different software organizations. This list is based on Joel's 12 steps for better code.

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Tropeçando 108

Why I Will Never Use Alpine Linux Ever Again

Alpine image is heavily use as a base image for all sort of applications. Some applications, usually running in Kubernetes, are facing issues due to Alpine implementation of musl. This article describes how those issues can cause a great amount of grief.

3 years of lift-and-shift into AWS Lambda

Let’s set the scene. We’re looking for scaling a PHP application. Googling around take us to find out that AWS Lambda is the most scalable service out there. It doesn’t support PHP natively, but we got https://bref.sh. Not only that, we also have Serverless Visually Explained which walk us through what we need to know to get PHP up and running on AWS Lambda. But we have a 8 year old project that was not designed from the ground up to be serverless. It’s not legacy. Not really. It works well, has some decent test coverage, a handful of engineers working on it and it’s been a success so far. It just has not been designed for horizontal scaling. What now?

Different beliefs about software quality

Good advices on how to deal with an environment where you have conflicts about your beliefs and how the environment work.

Increase code coverage successively

I often come across legacy projects that have a very low code coverage (or none at all). Getting such a project up to a high code coverage can be very frustrating as you will have a poor code coverage for a very long time.

So instead of generating an overall code coverage report with every pull request I tend to create a so called patch coverage report that checks how much of the patch is actually covered by tests.

Conway's Law

Pretty much all the practitioners I favor in Software Architecture are deeply suspicious of any kind of general law in the field. Good software architecture is very context-specific, analyzing trade-offs that resolve differently across a wide range of environments. But if there is one thing they all agree on, it's the importance and power of Conway's Law. Important enough to affect every system I've come across, and powerful enough that you're doomed to defeat if you try to fight it.

Is it a DTO or a Value Object?

A common misunderstanding in my workshops (well, whose fault is it then? ;)), is about the distinction between a DTO and a value object. And so I've been looking for a way to categorize these objects without mistake.

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Why Writing Is Important for Engineers

Learning by teaching has been an important pedagogical approach for a long time. As engineers, most of us are probably familiar with the story of the rubber duck, made popular in The Pragmatic Programmer, where explaining your problem to an inanimate object helps you understand it better yourself.

A Comprehensive Guide to Undoing Changes In Git

Git is a powerful version control system for tracking source code changes, for small and large projects alike. Sometimes you’ll encounter situations that require you to undo changes you’ve made to a Git repository.

Git changes cannot be undone with a simple back button. This is intended to protect the integrity of the codebase. Instead, you’ll need to learn the proper Git commands and the appropriate situations for using each command.

How the PHP Middleware Pattern works and can easily be applied

In this post we'll be looking at Middleware in PHP. This pattern is most common in the handling of requests and responses. But the Middleware Pattern can also be applied in various other places. We'll look into what middleware is, how middleware works, when middleware can be useful and what an alternative to middleware might be.

Tuning PostgreSQL Auto-vacuum

In PostgreSQL, rows that are deleted or modified are not completely removed. Rather they are marked as dead tuples. In other words, PostgreSQL does not physically remove these rows but places a marker on them to prevent future queries from returning or accessing dead tuples.

PostgreSQL provides the VACUUM command and VACUUM ANALYZE commands to get rid of dead rows or tuples. However, both commands differ in how they operate.

Learn Vim Progressively

tl;dr: You want to teach yourself vim (the best text editor known to human kind) in the fastest way possible. This is my way of doing it. You start by learning the minimal to survive, then you integrate all the tricks slowly.

Vim the Six Billion Dollar editor

Better, Stronger, Faster.

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Tropeçando 105

CQRS and Event Sourcing implementation in PHP

A walk-through of using CQRS along with Event Sourcering using PHP.

Is my autovacuum configured properly?

Some tips to identify if you need to tune your autovacuum configurations. A proper house cleaning can improve your database health and performance.

Learn how to migrate to the PHP framework Symfony

SensioLabs and Smile released a joint white paper “PHP framework migration: from legacy to Symfony” explaining how to migrate to modern PHP frameworks like Symfony. Find a selection of the key information in this infographic design by SensioLabs.

trufflehog

Find leaked credentials. Search on your repos, source-code, etc.

Why we don’t use a staging environment

Squeaky deploys their code directly from laptops to production environments. The blog posts details their strategies, such as a good suite of tests, clear branch strategy and use of feature flags.

Scaling containers on AWS in 2022

Benchmarking for different types of workloads and scales capabilities on AWS services in 2022: lambda, EKS, ECS, Fargate...

Building well-architected serverless applications: Introduction

Multi-part series addressing each of the questions within the Serverless Lens of the Well-Architected Tool.

Comparing Workflows

Comparision of different types of git flows: centralized, feature branch, gitflow and fork flow. Simple comparision, but easy to get the sense of their use cases.

Construct Hub

Find libraries for AWS Cloud Development Kit (AWS CDK), which generates AWS CloudFormation templates, CDK for Terraform (CDKtf), which generates HashiCorp Terraform configuration files, and CDK for Kubernetes (CDK8s), which generates Kubernetes manifests.

Too much magic?

A good thinking about the "magic" under some awesomeness that are provided by frameworks or libraries. Although they are good for quicker development, there is good to think a little bit more about how and when use it when we have a software that we aim to last longer and get to the phase of greater maintainability.

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Tropeçando

Tropeçando 2 – Republish

dBpoweramp: CD Ripper & Audio Converter. Secure ripping to mp3, FLAC, m4a, Apple Lossless & WMA

CD extractor and multi converter from different audio and video codecs. Lots of advanced options for different formats.

A última de bluetooth - rede entre dois GNU/Linux

No trabalho você tem um pc ligado a internet via wifi, ethernet, ou similares. Você leva seu notebook que gostaria que estivesse conectado também, como fica? Você está no aeroporto com mais uma pessoa, os dois de notebook, só um modem 3G, como fica? E se vocês tiverem só um login da Vex, prestadora de acesso wifi, como fica? Você faz uma rede bluetooth entre os dois e compartilha a conexão, ora. (com exceção do primeiro, todos os comandos abaixo são como root)

Paje Online: Como Converter Vídeos no Linux?

Converter arquivos de vídeos e som no Linux, abrangendo os mais variados formatos e codecs, pode ser uma tarefa razoavelmente simples, bastando conhecer o programa certo. Nesta dica vamos apresentar o programa ffmpeg.

Comandos Básicos - Ubuntu Brasil

Muito embora o Linux possua diversas e ótimas interfaces gráfica (GUI\'s - Graphical User Interfaces) bastante amigáveis, dentre as quais destacamos o Gnome e KDE, como de resto todos os sistemas operacionais Unix, ainda requerem por vezes que façamos uso da linha de comando. O ambiente tradicional do Unix é o CLI (Command Line Interface), onde você digita os comandos para dizer ao computador o que ele deve fazer. Esse modo é extremamente poderoso e rápido, porém implica que você saiba para que serve cada comando e seus diversos parâmetros.

Instructables - Make, How To, and DIY

Aprenda a fazer tudo

PHP é à quinta-feira - Gerar uma password | Peopleware

Um conjunto de funções que os ajudarão a gerar uma password (ou qualquer outra string de caracteres aleatórios).

Color Hunter

crie e encontre paleta de cores a partir de imagens

Sua Língua » Arquivo » Não compre o novo VOLP! — 1ª parte

Blank/erase a DVD-RW | commandlinefu.com

Apagando um DVD-RW na linha de comando

Se eu soubesse que web 2.0 era isso… » CrisDias weblog

nth-child | Boas práticas de Desenvolvimento com Padrões Web

50 Creative and Inspiring 404 Pages | Webdesigner Depot

9 Interesting Facts To Know About a Website | Tools

Os top cinco erros não técnicos cometidos por desenvolvedores | Pacote201.com.br

Blog do Márcio d’Ávila » Cuidado - A fraude evoluiu

Dicas para evitar fraudes da internet.

Categorias
PHP

PHP 8.1: more on new in initializers

I could not agree more with Brent when he says concerning the "new in initializers"[1] feature:

PHP 8.1 adds a feature that might seem like a small detail, but one that I think will have a significant day-by-day impact on many people.

When I see this new feature, lots of places that use Dependency Injection[3] come to my focus as candidates to be impacted, such as application or infrastructure service classes. As a result, we will write a much cleaner and leaner code without giving up on good practices to write modular, maintainable and testable software.

The Dependency Inversion Principle[4] gives us decoupling powers. But we know that many classes will receive the same concrete implementation most of (if not all) the time.

So this is very common to see some variation of this code:

$someDependencyToBeInjected = FactoryClass::create();
$someService = new SomeServiceClass($someDependencyToBeInjected);

Important note: I will ignore for now Service Containers and frameworks features that deal with service instantiation, auto wiring, etc.

Think of a database query service class: you depend on a connection object. Every time you need to instantiate your database service class, you need to prepare the connection dependency and inject it at the service class. Database connections are a great example when you use the same concrete implementation more than 90% of the time.

The same applies to a Service class that you use to handle business logic and depends on QueryService and CommandHandler interfaces to do its job.

Before PHP 8.1 we have code like this:

// service class to apply business logic
// most standard
class DefaultLeadRecordService implements LeadRecordService
{
    public function __construct(
        private LeadQueryService $queryService,
        private LeadCommandHandler $commandHandler
    ) {
    }
}

// infrastructure class to match the interface -- a DBAL concrete class
// sneakily allowing a "default" value, but also open to Dependency Injection
// but not that great
class DbalLeadQueryService implements LeadQueryService
{
    public function __construct(private ?Connection $connection = null)
    {
        if (!$this->connection) {
            $this->connection = Core::getConnection();
        }
    }
}

// instantiation would be something like -- given you have $connection already instantiated
$connection =  \Doctrine\DBAL\DriverManager::getConnection($connectionParams, $config);

$service = new \Blog\Application\DefaultLeadRecordService(
    new \Blog\Infrastructure\DbalLeadQueryService($connection),
    new \Blog\Infrastructure\DbalLeadCommandHandler($connection),
);

// if we allow construct get default value
$service = new \Blog\Application\DefaultLeadRecordService(
    new \Blog\Infrastructure\DbalLeadQueryService(),
    new \Blog\Infrastructure\DbalLeadCommandHandler(),
);

While on PHP 8.1, you will be able to write it like so:

class DefaultLeadRecordService implements LeadRecordService
{
    public function __construct(
        private LeadQueryService $queryService = new DbalLeadQueryService(),
        private LeadCommandHandler $commandHandler = new DbalLeadCommandHandler()
    ) {
    }
}

// we see there is still room for new features here
// still not that great
class DbalLeadQueryService implements LeadQueryService
{
    public function __construct(private ?Connection $connection = null)
    {
        // waiting when `new initializers` feature allows static function as default parameters
        if (!$this->connection) {
            $this->connection = Core::getConnection();
        }
    }
}

$service = new \Blog\Application\DefaultLeadRecordService();

One liner! That saves a lot of typing, and the code remains very well structured. This is the type of significant impact we will have on our day-to-day work. We will write a more straightforward, robust and meaningful code, and we will ship features faster with high-quality code.

If you want to see a full implementation of this, check the code at https://github.com/rafaelbernard/blog-php-81-new-initializers

Test, our faithful friend

Writing tests is a must-have for any repository where quality is a requirement. However, the "New in initializers" feature does not force us to give up on a complete suite of tests. We still have all powers of unit or integration tests.

For application code, we would write unit tests and all the expectations for concrete dependencies:

<?php

namespace Test\Unit\Blog\Application;

use Blog\Application\DefaultLeadRecordService;
use Blog\Domain\LeadCommandHandler;
use Blog\Domain\LeadQueryService;
use PHPUnit\Framework\MockObject\MockObject;
use Test\TestCase;

class DefaultLeadRecordServiceTest extends TestCase
{
    private const EMAIL = '[email protected]';

    private LeadQueryService|MockObject $leadQueryServiceMock;
    private LeadCommandHandler|MockObject $leadCommandHandlerMock;

    private DefaultLeadRecordService $service;

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();

        $this->leadQueryServiceMock = $this->getMockBuilder(LeadQueryService::class)->getMock();
        $this->leadCommandHandlerMock = $this->getMockBuilder(LeadCommandHandler::class)->getMock();

        $this->service = new DefaultLeadRecordService($this->leadQueryServiceMock, $this->leadCommandHandlerMock);
    }

    public function testCanAdd()
    {
        $this->leadQueryServiceMock
            ->expects(self::once())
            ->method('getByEmail')
            ->with(self::EMAIL)
            ->willReturn(false);

        $this->leadCommandHandlerMock
            ->expects(self::once())
            ->method('add')
            ->with(self::EMAIL)
            ->willReturn(1);

        $result = $this->service->add(self::EMAIL);

        self::assertEquals(1, $result);
    }

    public function testAddExistentReturnsFalse()
    {
        $this->leadQueryServiceMock
            ->expects(self::once())
            ->method('getByEmail')
            ->with(self::EMAIL)
            ->willReturn(['email' => self::EMAIL]);

        $this->leadCommandHandlerMock
            ->expects(self::never())
            ->method('add');

        $result = $this->service->add(self::EMAIL);

        self::assertFalse($result);
    }

    public function testCanGetAll()
    {
        $unsorted = [
            ['email' => '[email protected]'],
            ['email' => '[email protected]'],
            ['email' => '[email protected]'],
        ];

        $this->leadQueryServiceMock
            ->expects(self::once())
            ->method('getAll')
            ->willReturn($unsorted);

        $fetched = $this->service->getAll();

        $expected = $unsorted;
        asort($expected);

        self::assertEquals($expected, $fetched);
    }
}

Integration tests can be written for infrastructure code. For instance, we can use an SQLite database file to assert the logic for database operations.

Be aware that I am creating an SQLite temp database file on-demand for each test execution with $this->databaseFilePath = '/tmp/test-' . time(); and, thanks to the Dbal library, we can be confident that operations could work for any database.

-> It is highly recommended that, as an alternative, create a container with a seeded database that is compatible with your production database system.

<?php

namespace Test\Integration\Blog\Infrastructure;

use Blog\Infrastructure\DbalLeadQueryService;
use Doctrine\DBAL\Connection;
use Faker\Factory;
use Faker\Generator;
use Test\TestCase;

class DbalLeadQueryServiceTest extends TestCase
{
    private string $databaseFilePath;

    private Generator $faker;
    private Connection $connection;

    private DbalLeadQueryService $service;

    public function testCanGetAll()
    {
        $this->addEmail($email1 = $this->faker->email());
        $this->addEmail($email2 = $this->faker->email());
        $this->addEmail($email3 = $this->faker->email());

        $expected = [
            ['email' => $email1],
            ['email' => $email2],
            ['email' => $email3],
        ];

        $fetched = $this->service->getAll();

        self::assertEquals($expected, $fetched);
    }

    protected function setUp(): void
    {
        parent::setUp();

        $this->faker = Factory::create();

        $this->createLeadTable();

        $this->service = new DbalLeadQueryService($this->connection());
    }

    protected function tearDown(): void
    {
        parent::tearDown();

        $this->dropDatabase();
    }

    private function connection(): Connection
    {
        if (!isset($this->connection)) {
            $this->databaseFilePath = '/tmp/test-' . time();

            $config = new \Doctrine\DBAL\Configuration();
            $connectionParams = [
                'url' => "sqlite:///{$this->databaseFilePath}",
            ];

            $this->connection = DriverManager::getConnection($connectionParams, $config);
        }

        return $this->connection;
    }

    private function dropDatabase()
    {
        @unlink($this->databaseFilePath);
    }

    private function createLeadTable(): void
    {
        $this->connection()->executeQuery('CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS leads ( email VARCHAR )');
    }

    private function addEmail(string $email): int
    {
        return $this->connection()->insert('leads', ['email' => $email]);
    }
}

Conclusion

PHP is evolving very quickly, with new features that enable more quality software, help developers and is even more committed to the fact that most of the web run flavours of PHP code. New features improve readability, software architecture, test coverage and performance. Those are all proof of a mature and live language.

Upgrade to PHP 8.1 and use "new in initializers" as soon as possible. You will not regret it.

If there is something you want to discuss more, let me know in the comments.

Links:

  1. New in initializers RFC
  2. Road to PHP 8.1
  3. Dependency Injection
  4. Dependency inversion principle
  5. Interface segregation principle
  6. Solid relevance
  7. SOLID principles
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CASL

CASL (pronounced /ˈkæsəl/, like castle) is an isomorphic authorization JavaScript library which restricts what resources a given client is allowed to access. It's designed to be incrementally adoptable and can easily scale between a simple claim based and fully featured subject and attribute based authorization. It makes it easy to manage and share permissions across UI components, API services, and database queries.

The Danger of Dark Patterns (With Infographic)

Are manipulative design techniques undermining your product and leading users to make bad decisions? Here’s how to avoid dark patterns and create ethical products that enhance customer trust.

Dark patterns are a popular design topic but defining them can be difficult. That’s because they’ve become so prevalent that many have been adopted as design conventions. It’s crucial to understand these manipulative techniques in order to create ethical products that enhance customer trust.

DevOps: Shift Left to Reduce Failure

The term “shift left” refers to a practice in software development in which teams focus on quality, work on problem prevention instead of detection, and begin testing earlier than ever before. The goal is to increase quality, shorten long test cycles and reduce the possibility of unpleasant surprises at the end of the development cycle—or, worse, in production.

Does varchar(n) use less disk space than varchar() or text?

Tl;DR: No. This is a recurrent doubt due to a real difference in many other database systems. But not for PostgreSQL. Although documentation explains that internally, the core system has a wise way to split and store string data internally instead of simply reserving the total space, it is hard to believe. Here we have proof that there is no real difference.

How to ease the pains of testing legacy code?

Practically every programmer in their career struggled with working on a legacy project or one in which at least part of the job involved some kind of legacy code. I will show you some tips and tricks which will make writing unit tests for legacy applications much easier and less hurtful. Let’s go deep into testing legacy code!

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Miscelaneous

Tropeçando 103

What is Domain-Driven Design (DDD)

A definition of DDD as a software design discipline

How to refactor without overtime and missed deadlines

A lot of software engineers, including myself, are passionate about code quality. This striving for a well-shaped codebase, while getting things done could cost one quite a few hours and nerves, though. I'm constantly looking for ways to achieve these two goals without significant trade-offs. Stand by for the current state.

How to test a PHP app? PHP unit testing and more

Do you really need to create tests? Of course, there are many reasons to do so – improved quality of software, decreased risks while making changes in the code, identifying errors, checking business requirements, improving security…I could go on and on with that. The point is – tests do make a difference.

Application Modernization Isn’t Just Fighting Legacy Tech

When radical innovations were rare, businesses could afford to treat application modernization as a sporadic reaction to change. A decade ago, most organizations modernized only when they were compelled to.

However, in the era of open-source and continuous innovation, modernization can’t be an isolated, one-off project. Businesses need to embrace a culture that celebrates change to thrive in the digital age. According to a report by F5, the past year has witnessed 133% growth in application modernization.

Responsible tech playbook

As technology becomes more central to peoples' lives, and to what businesses do, and how they succeed, the ethics of technology must come into sharper focus.

Despite technology becoming a critical part of what enterprizes do, it's not always clear how to approach and apply technology in an ethical or responsible way.

The Responsible tech playbook is a collection of tools, methods, and frameworks that help you to assess, model and mitigate values and risks of the software you are creating with a special emphasis on the impact of your work on the individual and society.

Categorias
PHP Programação

PHP Memory Usage and Performance Improvements Tips

Memory usage and performance improvements make everybody happier, from end-user to cloud and infrastructure engineers. And they are all right, and this is an optimization that we should try to achieve as much as possible.

I am also keeping this page for a reference to my future self because we cannot rely too much on our memory, and that will be a good reference I want to re-visit. I will make constant updates on this page.

Use objects with declared properties over array

Arrays have a larger footprint to avoid constant memory pointers reassignments. It then reserves large amounts of memory when more elements or indexes are added.

Image for array vs object memory usage

Be careful to self-referencing that would prevent garbage collector from work

Garbage collector is working as expected when the internal reference count (how may times a value is used) reaches zero:

$x = "foobar";    // refcount = 1
$y = $x;            // refcount = 2
unset($x);      // refcount = 1
unset($y);      // refcount = 0 -> garbage collector will be happy ==> Destroy!

But self-referencing can be tricky:

$x = [];            // refcount = 1
$x[0] =& $x;    // refcount = 2
unset($x);      // refcount = 1
                    // It will never come to zero due to cycle

The cycle collector will eventually destroy it, but it will hang on memory for a while anyway.

Sprintf vs double/single quote concatenation

A very common use case is string concatenation or interpolation when you want to add a variable into a static string. It is interesting to note that:

If you have PHP < 7.4, use double-quote interpolation or single quote concatenation over sprintf function.

<?php 

$this->start($loop);

ob_start();

for ($i = 0; $i < $this->loop; ++$i) {
    print 'Lorem '.$i.' ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin malesuada, nisl sit amet congue blandit';
}

ob_end_clean();

return $this->end();

If you have PHP greater than 7.4, use sprintf:

<?php 

$this->start($loop);

for ($i = 0; $i < $this->loop; ++$i) {
    $value = sprintf('Lorem %s ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Proin malesuada, nisl sit amet congue blandit', $i);
}

return $this->end();

PHP Benchmarking

PHPBench.com was constructed as a way to open people's eyes to the fact that not every PHP code snippet will run at the same speed. You may be surprised at the results that this page generates, but that is ok. This page was also created so that you would be able to find discovery in these statistics and then maybe re-run these tests in your own server environment to play around with this idea yourself, by using the code examples (these code examples are automatically generated and as the code in my .php files change, so do they).

PHP benchmarks and optimizations

Collection of tests and benchmarks for common operations in PHP. Tests run on several versions of PHP. There is an option to compare different solutions for the same problem to compare performances between them, such as checking values with isset against !empty.

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Tropeçando 100

How Exception to the Convention Does More Harm than Good

We have a project, and to make it easier, we use specific standards. E.g., we use spaces in every file.

But sometimes, we get to a situation when these standards are stressful. We don't understand them and just want them to bend over. How does our short-term need for pleasure affects long-term well-being of the project?

Splitting a Domain Across Multiple Bounded Contexts

How designing for business opportunities and the rate of change may give you better contexts.

Your Jest Tests are Leaking Memory

Jest is designed in a way that makes memory leaks likely if you’re not actively trying to squash them. For many test suites this isn’t a problem because even if tests leak memory, the tests don’t use enough memory to actually cause a crash. That is, until you add one more test and suddenly the suite comes apart. In this article, we’ll walk through why it’s so easy for Jest to leak memory, how to tell if your tests have a memory leak, and then how to debug and eliminate leaks in your tests. Even if you don’t use Jest, it’s still useful to understand the process in case you need to debug memory leaks in other javascript code.

How to handle flaky tests

Flaky tests are automated tests that are non-deterministic. That means they may pass or fail when executed against the same build artifact or deployed system.

If you’ve ever retried the execution of a failed test run in your CI/CD pipeline tool without any code or config changes in order to get a failing test case to pass, that’s an indicator that you have a flaky test case.

Why Serverless Teams Should Embrace Continuous Refactoring

Serverless adoption brings promises to many organizations! Promises of cost efficiency, engineering efficiency, and business efficiency. However, serverless is not a technology that, once successfully adopted, can be left unattended to rust.

The motivation to adopt serverless should never be to get the job done and never look back. If you adopt it with this attitude you will inevitably get into the legacy migration juggernaut that will haunt you much sooner than you anticipated.